Albinism results from inheritance of recessive gene alleles and is known to affect all vertebrates, including humans.

Selection is thought to function by altering the frequency of gene alleles present in the starting population.

Such interactions are known as "GxE interactions", in which the effects of a gene allele differ across different environments.

These gene-alleles are markers for a haplotype, a stretch of chromosome 6 that contains many gene alleles.

Under these parameters a linkage disequilibrium of more than 50% means there is a possible link to the gene allele and inheritance.

Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations (or changes) in gene alleles.

Because the gene alleles on each chromosome are not always the same, this means that there is genetic variation between gametes.

The fitness of the heterozygotes keeps a wide range of alternate gene alleles in a population.

On the contrary the results of these studies implicate a large number of gene alleles that have a very small effect (phene).

Some gene alleles (versions of a gene) can damage the baby.