Phosphorus is a necessary nutrient for plants to live, and is the limiting factor for plant growth in many freshwater ecosystems.

More recently, the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis has been examined in marine and freshwater ecosystems and protist microcosms.

The park is composed of coastal, marine and freshwater ecosystems.

Invasive species are one of the largest threats to our terrestrial, coastal and freshwater ecosystems, as well as being a major global concern.

The aim was to "maintain the ecological integrity of terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems and achieve high levels of human well-being" (MacKinnon 2008).

They inhabit a wide variety of habitats with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems.

Fathom Five's freshwater ecosystem contains some of the most pristine waters of the Great Lakes.

Water extraction is acknowledged as one of the most widespread threats to freshwater ecosystems not only off the Iberian Peninsula, but all over the world.

A major theme for this landlocked aquarium is the relationship between inland freshwater ecosystems and the ocean.

They form an important fraction of the macro zoobenthos of most freshwater ecosystems.