His father encouraged enslaved and freed blacks to serve the American colonial military.

After the Civil War, African Americans, both freed slaves and blacks that had been free prior to the war, played an increasing role in the city's political and economic affairs.

"The Constitution was full of provisions to prevent newly freed and enfranchised blacks from having much of an opportunity to gain political power," said Marty Wiseman, director of the Stennis Institute of Government at Mississippi State University.

In Saint-Domingue, roughly half of the affranchis were gens de couleur libres (freed people of mixed race) and the other half freed blacks.

Malcolm was more conciliatory than he appears in the play, and although the playwright grants Dr. King the response "I want to free America" to Malcolm's line about freeing blacks, a tepid staged argument is stuck on the level of integration (Dr. King) versus supremacy (Malcolm X).

Until the end of his life, Hamilton donated his legal services to freeing blacks who had been brazenly kidnapped off city streets and sold back into slavery.

The Christian denomination attempted to help slaves and subsequently freed blacks through philanthropic agencies such as the American Colonization Society and the Mission to the Slaves.

Abolition finally freed the remaining 700,000 slaves in a population of 10 million Brazilians, of whom more than half were already freed blacks.