Mereology is both an application of predicate logic and a branch of formal ontology.

VO is a formal biomedical ontology in the domain of vaccine and vaccination.

Principal topics of interest to that school included formal ontology, mereology, and universal or categorial grammar.

The work has begun with the development of a formal ontology to specify the data exchange semantics.

Mathematics, on the other hand, is formal ontology; it studies all the possible forms of being (of objects).

Resource guide on Husserl's logic and formal ontology, with annotated bibliography.

By maintaining an independent view on reality a formal (upper level) ontology gains the following properties:

A formal ontology, on the other hand, represents entities without a particular application scope.

However, one cannot just integrate these external data sources in the formal ontology.

A direct incorporation would lead to corruption of the framework and principles of the formal ontology.