Georges Gonthier is one of the leading practitioners in formal mathematics.

Care should be taken that informal representations do not prevent students from progressing toward formal, symbolic mathematics .

Mathematical modelling in this way does not necessarily require formal mathematics; animals have been shown to use dead reckoning.

This can usefully be called therefore formal mathematics.

This means making specified assumptions about some social phenomenon, expressing them in formal mathematics, and providing an empirical interpretation for the ideas.

General readers are fortunate that Feynman chose to present certain key topics in largely qualitative terms without formal mathematics.

Conveys much of the Standard Model with no formal mathematics.

A serious attempt by a physicist to explain gauge theory and the Standard Model with little formal mathematics.

The formal mathematics of relativistic quantum mechanics also attracted his attention, although he doubted its validity.

Unlike most other areas of sociology, social network theory is usually defined in formal mathematics.