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These forces tend to cause colloidal particles to aggregate or to flocculate.
Type 2 - Dilute, flocculent (particles can flocculate as they settle).
Interrupting the carbon dioxide supply can cause algae to flocculate on its own, which is called "autoflocculation".
It is used to flocculate and increase the density of the drilling fluid to overcome high downwell gas pressures.
When the potential is low, attraction exceeds repulsion and the dispersion will break and flocculate.
This is used heavily in waste-water treatment to force suspensions of contaminants to flocculate, allowing them to be filtered.
Another active treatment system design uses electrocoagulation to flocculate suspended particles in the stormwater, followed by a filtration stage.
The tannins are able to flocculate with a variety of cations which then react with biomolecules as antiseptics.
The finings flocculate the live yeast in the beer into a jelly-like mass, which settles to the bottom of the cask.
Alum is used to clarify water by neutralizing the electrical double layer surrounding very fine suspended particles, allowing them to flocculate (stick together).
Difficulty was experienced in forming stable dispersions with the first alpha forms, especially in mixtures with rutile Titanium, where the blue pigment tended to flocculate.
Soluble polyacrylamide polymers are used to flocculate the irrigated soil thus improving water penetration and soil aeration while diminuishing soil erosion.
The feed water to the DAF float tank is often (but not always) dosed with a coagulant (such as ferric chloride or aluminum sulfate) to flocculate the suspended matter.
Type 2 sedimentation is characterized by particles that flocculate during sedimentation and because of this their size is constantly changing and therefore their settling velocity is changing.
If these repulsive forces were to be disrupted, perhaps by the addition of a salt or a polymer, the colloidal particles would no longer be able to sustain suspension and would subsequently flocculate.
So, colloids with high zeta potential (negative or positive) are electrically stabilized while colloids with low zeta potentials tend to coagulate or flocculate as outlined in the table.
At the same time the edges of the clay plates have a slight positive charge, thereby allowing the edges to adhere to the faces of other clay particles or to flocculate (form clumps).
Chitosan combined with colloidal silica is becoming a popular fining agent for white wines, because chitosan does not require acidic tannins (found primarily in red wines) with which to flocculate.
When the concentration of fermentable sugars in the beer falls below a certain level, variable with the strain of yeast, the yeast cells will naturally flocculate and settle toward the bottom of the vessel in which the beer is stored; this act is known as dropping bright.
Members of this class (called the "albuminoids", Eiweisskörper, or matières albuminoides) were recognized by their ability to coagulate or flocculate under various treatments such as heat or acid; well-known examples at the start of the nineteenth century included albumen from egg whites, blood serum albumin, fibrin, and wheat gluten.