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One significant application of calcium hydroxide is as a flocculant, in water and sewage treatment.
Water that is more brackish, or saline requires larger amounts of flocculant.
The feed is normally dosed with flocculant before delivery to the thickener.
A flocculant will shorten the separation time and give a cleaner soap with lower viscosity.
"Chitosan", a commercial flocculant, more commonly used for water purification, is far more expensive.
Addition of a charged polymer flocculant.
In some basins a flocculant may be added to help smaller particles stick together and form larger particles.
Cells undergoing this form of cell death have a flocculant appearing cytoplasm, and are larger than normal hepatocytes.
Aluminium hydroxide is used as a gelatinous flocculant to filter out particulate matter in water treatment.
A few minutes later, two of his team came back in, lugging strings of lights and a sack of the flocculant for the deck.
Conveniently, the resulting reaction product is iron(III) oxyhydroxide, an excellent flocculant.
Long-chain polymer flocculants, such as modified polyacrylamides, are manufactured and sold by the flocculant producing business.
The sludge can be combined with a filter aid or flocculant the help the filtration process and reduce blinding of the filter cloth.
Particle aggregation can be induced by adding salts or an other chemical referred to as coagulant or flocculant.
The defatted meal is a flocculant and can be used in water purification to settle out sediments and undesirable organisms.
The liquid goes into a mixing tank where a coagulant is added and then to another tank, where a flocculant further thickens it.
Metals dissolved in acidic effluents produced a metal hydroxide flocculant precipitate following the addition of ammonium hydroxide.
Effluent enters the inclined plate clarifier where it is usually flash mixed with a polymer flocculant and then gently agitated with a separate mixer.
In-situ treatment of turbidity involves the addition of a reagent, generally a flocculant, is evenly dispensed over the surface of the body of water.
It is designed to reduce turbidity in nearby water bodies and involves collection of sediment-laden stormwater in a basin or tank, and adding a chemical flocculant.
For example for the treatment of turbidity the flocculant must be evenly dispensed over the surface of the water body to allow it to settle through creating flocs.
Aluminium chlorohydrate is also used as a flocculant in water and waste water treatment processes to remove dissolved organic matter and colloidal particles present in suspension.
When one inspects a series of test tubes with suspensions prepared at different concentration of the flocculant, stable suspensions often remain dispersed, while the unstable ones settle.
In water and waste water treatment a flocculant is often added prior to settling to form larger particles that settle out quickly in a settling tank leaving the water with a lower turbidity.
The resulting brown, acidic, and corrosive solution is used as a flocculant in sewage treatment and drinking water production, and as an etchant for copper-based metals in printed circuit boards.
The amounts of flocculating agent have to be determined by trial on the water itself, some waters requiring more than others.
This flocculating agent binds together the impurities, which sink and are removed in sedimentation tanks.
Commonly used flocculating agents in water treatment include multivalent metal ions (e.g., Fe or Al), polyelectrolytes, or both.
Drinking water can be obtained from natural water by treating the natural water with a mixture of activated carbon and Al(OH), a flocculating agent.
Aside from use in the laboratory synthesis of iron complexes, ferrous chloride serves as a reducing flocculating agent in wastewater treatment, especially for wastes containing chromate.
Following this there may be filters separating finer particles either occurring in the incoming water or developing as a consequence of chemical treatment of the water with flocculating agents.
In other industries, they are also used as adhesives, binding agents, crystan inhibitors, clarifying agents, encapsulating agents, flocculating agents, swelling agents, foam stabilizers, etc.
It is also used as flocculating agent with silica sols and as a chelating agent with the ability to complex metal ions such as zinc and zirconium.
Flocculants, or flocculating agents (also known as flocking agents), are chemicals that promote flocculation by causing colloids and other suspended particles in liquids to aggregate, forming a floc.
These are used as binding, thickening or flocculating agents in grout, cement, sewage/wastewater treatment, pesticide formulations, cosmetics, sugar manufacturing, soil erosion prevention, ore processing, food packaging and plastic products.
It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a flocculating agent in the purification of drinking water and waste water treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing.
Iron(II) chloride is used as a reducing flocculating agent, in the formation of iron complexes and magnetic iron oxides, and as a reducing agent in organic synthesis.
The term 'functional methacrylates' embraces a wide variety of methacrylic esters with a wide range of important industrial uses - in surface coatings, adhesives and printing inks, as oil additives and as flocculating agents in the treatment of sewage and industrial effluent.
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