The findings challenge some common assumptions - that couples who fight a lot are beyond help, for example.
The findings challenge the understanding of inheritance first described by Mendel.
This finding challenges more than 30 years of surgical practice.
The findings do not challenge what is now a well-established link between air pollution and premature death.
The findings challenge public health workers to determine who is at risk from such episodes.
The new findings challenge the theory that beach cusps are caused only by patterns in water movement.
This finding challenges the view that singing causes a transfer of language function from the left to the right hemisphere.
"But it is absolutely clear that these findings challenge fundamental tenets of our current system."
That finding challenges the notion of a growing acceptance of a larger physical form.
These findings challenge the traditional notion about the great white as being a coastal species.