Dogs have and are being used to find genes related to other diseases as well.

Experiments have found similar genes in a variety of animals and insects.

Other labs found genes, too, and by the mid-1990's, scientists had a rough outline of what was going on.

Until a few years ago, scientists had hoped to find single genes that caused diseases.

Now they hope to find genes that keep them healthy, perhaps by helping to ward off disease.

Illumina's products are mainly used in studies trying to find genes that cause or raise the risk of a disease.

Longer term, scientists around the world are trying to find genes involved in the disease.

Another is to look across large numbers of people and find both common and uncommon genes.

"Genome sequencing is probably the worst way I know to find genes," he said.

That was in the early 1970's, when scientists were just beginning to learn to find and manipulate genes.