The issue of male and female subject choice, then, may be more complex than we generally allow.

Cryptic female choice falls under the conflict in reproductive patterns.

Its behavior is studied in an effort to understand sexual selection, especially the topic of female choice.

They concluded that female choice might indeed vary in different ecological conditions.

The effect of female choice and male competition will be to make some males even more successful than if those factors were not operating.

Male-male competition poses no deep theoretical questions but female choice does.

Although the importance of female choice was demonstrated, the study did not support the hypotheses.

Had he included sexual selection, at that time it would have been only the male competition element and not female choice.

As a result of female choice, sexual selection is imposed on males.

Abortional selection may also be a form of cryptic female choice.