Urogynecologists complete a residency in obstetrics and gynecology, followed by fellowship training, where they spend several years focusing only on these disorders.

Friedman had been affiliated with the Department since 1987, where he completed his medical residency and fellowship training.

He completed his internship, residency, and clinical fellowship training at Massachusetts General Hospital.

In the United States, this requires an additional two years of fellowship training after five years of residency.

However, many specialists also complete fellowship training after residency that can range from 1-3 years in length.

Some specialists complete additional fellowship training in reconstruction of the foot and ankle from the effect of diabetes or physical trauma.

Neurosurgeons can also pursue fellowship training in neuropathology and rehabilitation.

Upon graduation from medical school, osteopathic physicians enter internship or residency training programs, which may be followed by fellowship training.

He went on to pursue subspecialty fellowship training in thoracic surgery, a field that was developing rapidly in the 1950s.