The existence of list MPs has caused controversy in some countries.

In the general case, the existence of multiple loyalties does not cause a disloyalty.

The existence of several beers with similar names has caused problems in some markets.

The existence of these symptoms, however, will have caused these women to be omitted from Henderson's analysis.

The existence of the gap causes social friction, he said.

The existence of this threat caused a psychological result and prevented adversaries from taking up arms.

The existence of the band itself caused a debate in the metal underground.

The existence of risk causes the need to incur a number of expenses.

The existence of different interpretations and decisions in each Member State causes legal uncertainty.

Proponents hope the mere existence of such laws causes people to curb smoking.