There are between 895,000 and 2,400,000 ethnic Ukrainians living in Kazakhstan.
It is commonly used as a pejorative term for ethnic Ukrainians.
Ukrainian language was used in publications, schooling, and many ethnic Ukrainians were made literate.
In the colonization of the new lands, a significant contribution was made by ethnic Ukrainians.
But about a quarter have married ethnic Ukrainians and speak Ukrainian.
Most ethnic Ukrainians were peasants occupying small plots of land.
Most ethnic Ukrainians live in Ukraine where they make up over three-quarters of the population.
Some 2,000 ethnic Ukrainians lived in the surrounding villages in the area.
At the same time, ethnic Ukrainians suspected of collaboration with the communists were also executed.
As of the 2001 census, the town's population is 8,007, which consists mostly of ethnic Ukrainians.