Cognitive scientists' research mostly involves non-human subjects, allowing them to delve into areas which would come under ethical scrutiny if performed on human participants.

In a less supercharged climate of ethical scrutiny, he said, he is sure he could have remained in his job and been vindicated.

He added, "We opened the door up" to ethical scrutiny.

And even when membership and obedience are voluntary, no group is exempt from ethical scrutiny.

Everything, in his work, is held up to the most exacting ethical scrutiny, beginning with the poet himself.

For a decision to be subject to ethical scrutiny, it must be a genuine decision; it must be volitional.

The Capitol's new atmosphere of ethical scrutiny, which Mr. Gingrich helped create, proved too much for his wife, Marianne.

But he insulted the intelligence of his colleagues when he argued that payments for speeches in the form of book "royalties" were immune from ethical scrutiny.

The experiment is one of several radiation studies from that time that have come under ethical scrutiny this year.

But at a time of heightened ethical scrutiny, Ms. Ryan has fought back in court.