Using a procedure that was common in the 1930s, he examined epileptic patients who were undergoing brain surgery.

In several controlled, randomized studies he tested the technique on epileptic patients and reported that they had far fewer seizures.

The reorganization of brain function for epileptic patients has not been investigated much, but imaging results show that it is likely.

Caution: Anticonvulsive treatment in epileptic patients should not be interrupted.

During his career he performed over 400 operations on epileptic patients.

Driving and travel restrictions are one of the greatest limitations that epileptic patients experience.

Penfield understood that his epileptic patients experience a warning sign before the seizures occur.

However, although epileptiform tracings can support a diagnosis, they are not detected in all epileptic patients.

Similar data have been taken from epileptic human patients during surgical procedures.

Another physical change is that the epileptic patient may have urinary incontinence or loss of bladder control.