Dr. Johnson said each district had to develop a plan that would go beyond encouraging employees to car pool.

Another criticism was that Zero Defects was a motivational program aimed at encouraging employees to do better.

The efforts have ranged from cutting back on the number of trips to encouraging employees to stay over on a Saturday night to get a lower fare.

Informal controls can include a company's culture and encouraging employees to monitor each other.

Any potential cost savings from the tax-credit incentive - encouraging employees to buy their own policies - would be more than consumed by increased administrative expenses.

The firm also has a policy of encouraging employees in their personal charitable giving and fundraising efforts.

Some chief executives pay lip service to the notion of encouraging employees to strike a healthy balance between work and family.

After the company went public in 1993, he said, he did not do a good job of encouraging employees to participate in the company's stock-purchasing plan.

It also involves encouraging employees to become shareholders in their companies and setting up a one-stop shop to give all EU citizens equal access to care.

He is also urging large corporations in the county to back grass-roots efforts in their companies and is encouraging employees to send letters and notes.