But many employers have long contended that their healthiest employees are more likely to choose a health maintenance plan.

Besides a worker's absence after childbirth, employers contend with absenteeism, lost productivity and temporary reassignment during workers' pregnancies.

The employer contended that taking this into account he was receiving the minimum wage.

Similarly, the employer could contend that sales had risen in large part because of his superior after-sales service or the comprehensive warranty offered to customers.

Some employers have contended that they would have had to resort to quotas to protect themselves from discrimination suits under the proposal.

Large employers, like New York Telephone and the Grumman Corporation, contend they are already improving workplace conditions.

Insurers, employers and Republican leaders contend that the proposed new regulations will raise the cost of health benefits.

The employer contended it was justified.

And as the perennial debate about the apartheid of the sexes goes on, employers and male politicians contend that many women lack the commitment to build a career.

The employer contended that as part timers they should only be able to take leave at the rate available as part-time staff.