Most empirical economic models involve reactions which take place over time.

There are bidirectional and empirical models for doing atmospheric correction on an image.

This is an empirical model that usually works for a limited range of temperatures.

Under this approach the banks are allowed to develop their own empirical model to quantify required capital for credit risk.

In regression analysis the researcher specifies an empirical model.

Once the use of a partial empirical model is accepted then it will be open to constant revisions and adjustments as new data become available.

Lucas also made an influential critique of Keynesian empirical models.

A growth curve is an empirical model of the evolution of a quantity over time.

The resulting empirical model was simple, elegant and precise.

The outcome of stage three is an empirical model, see figure 3.