Note that the experimental variogram is an empirical estimate of the covariance of a Gaussian process.

For example, the Australian Bureau of Statistics periodically produces empirical estimates of the net fiscal incidence of Australia's overall government operations.

In simple cases, where the result of a trial only determines whether or not the specified event has occurred, modelling using a binomial distribution might be appropriate and then the empirical estimate is the maximum likelihood estimate.

Experienced financial analysts are, however, liable to shake their heads at these kinds of Marxian empirical estimates from official data.

Using the results of empirical estimates derived from the survey the elasticity formula was used to arrive at the first known demand elasticity estimates ever completed for the natural Christmas tree market.

Some empirical estimates indicate that many central banks today act approximately as the Taylor rule prescribes, but violated the Taylor principle during the inflationary spiral of the 1970s.

The values day and days give good agreement with the standardized test of , including the growth of as a function of , and with the widely used empirical estimate .

It is a little harder to obtain an empirical estimate of ; although it should be theoretically possible, a lot of controversies in economics revolve around the precise and appropriate measurement of this parameter.

These results depend on empirical estimates for the transmissibility of HIV and the lifespan of hosts as a function of SPVL.

Three Boston University researchers have produced a rigorous empirical estimate of the cost of patent trolling.