Research supports the hypothesis that the juror selection process effectively discriminates against the poor, racial minorities, women, and persons with low and high educational attainment.

However, this may seem paradoxical in terms of policy implications, because, theoretically, this could only be achieved through providing preferential treatment to males, effectively discriminating against females.

It says the runoff effectively discriminates against black candidates who might finish first in initial voting, then fail to get the nomination if white voters coalesce around the remaining white candidate.

Successful application of array-based tools depends on establishing robust laboratory and computational methods that effectively and reliably discriminate between tumor types.

The man, Amric Singh Rathour, 26, of Ozone Park, is accusing the department of discriminating against him on the basis of religion and effectively barring devout Sikhs from serving.

Its sponsors argue that by blocking judicial nominees who oppose abortion rights on religious and moral grounds, Democrats are effectively discriminating against those nominees.

While Korea says the tax system is meant to discourage excessive consumption, the United States has charged that the system effectively discriminates against foreign cars, which tend to be larger.

EC officials are also concerned about the effect of the system on the free movement of goods between member countries, with a number of non-German companies complaining that it will effectively discriminate against imported products.

A1 Polls show Feinstein with a lead in California A26 Runoff requirements in the South are being challenged by civil rights advocates who say the states' election rules effectively discriminate against black candidates.

The current rules mean that a large number of network operators can effectively discriminate against new entrants.