Although metofluthrin has insectidal properties against other insects, it may not be an effective repellent for insects other than mosquitoes.

Long experience in the country had provided her with effective repellent, a small but efficient waste-disposal unit, a compact solar-powered foodbox.

Its protection is short-lived, however, and although safer than DEET, it is not as effective a repellent.

Are there new, more effective repellents?

On the back of a small leaflet, published by the noted herbalist, he states: "I have found santolina to be the most effective insect repellent in the garden."

Citronella, the oil of a grass, can be an effective but short-lived repellent, requiring frequent reapplication.

Birch tar oil is an effective repellent of gastropods.

The widely used Deet remains the most effective repellent for use on the skin, but questions have been raised about its safety.

An effective repellent will contain 24% DEET.

Research also indicates that citronella oil is an effective repellent for body louse and head louse.