However, because they occur as a result of poorly-constrained ecological interactions usually at depth, the processes that form the biological pump are difficult to measure.

The organization of a biological community with respect to ecological interactions is referred to as community structure.

The standards actually call for understanding of "how early European exploration resulted in cultural and ecological interactions among previously unconnected peoples."

Cannibalism is a common ecological interaction in the animal kingdom and has been recorded for more than 1500 species.

The complexities of ecological interactions seem to have no place in his simplistic way of thinking.

Birds and berries: a study of an ecological interaction.

This is an example of mutualism, an ecological interaction that benefits both parties.

The Earth as a whole is an integrated system of oceanic, atmospheric and ecological interactions.

But the major problem for researchers is the inherent difficulty, expense and time involved in understanding ecological interactions.

This form of cheating was the first evolved ecological interaction between organisms in artificial life software.