Unlike earlier scrap-metal sculptors, notably David Smith, Mr. Chamberlain did not try to disguise his raw material.

By 1930, with the Martinelli clip, opera film had discovered motion, like early Greek sculptors learning to torque the body.

Small marble carvings by Izabelle Slobodoff recall the abstractions of William Zorach and other early modernist sculptors, for whom the nude body was a vehicle for formal experimentation.

Hezekiah Augur (February 21, 1791 - January 10, 1858) was an early American sculptor and inventor.

Mark McDonald has another mystifying object, a narrow, vertical oblong of molded, symmetrically perforated plywood that looks like an early 20th-century sculptor's streamlined version of an African mask or shield.

Now, it happens that in Copenhagen there is one of the most unusual art museums in Europe, dedicated to and conceived by the early 19th-century Neoclassical sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen.

Copies are scattered in museums across the United States, since MacMonnies was one of the earliest American sculptors to supplement his fees from major commissions by selling reduced-size reproductions to the public.

Edmonia Lewis, the early African American and Native American sculptor, made Hagar the subject of one of her most well-known works.

Balcomb was a painter who, alas, turned from geometric abstraction to figuration in 1942; Gertrude was an early abstract sculptor, whose works combine hard-edge geometric with biomorphic forms.

Mr. Hague is 83 years old, and he shares a feeling for materials that was characteristic of early modernist sculptors like Brancusi and Henry Moore.