But the financial demands of maintaining a family can discourage teachers after a few years.

Many scientists and educators therefore saw the move as a way to discourage teachers from spending time on those subjects.

The librarian, Joan Lovero, said years of inefficient administration had discouraged teachers and other employees.

"This boutique program discourages teachers from working together," Mr. Saunders said.

But about half said they believed that such a system would discourage teachers from working with students who get low grades.

Critics contend that the board is superfluous and that its exam discourages teachers from applying in the city.

Teaching guides and textbooks may meet the approval of biologists, but superintendents or principals discourage teachers from discussing it.

Some principals discourage teachers from providing work in advance, however, since it appears to condone the taking of kids out of school for vacation.

This could prevent his getting into the National Honor Society and may discourage other teachers from writing him college recommendations.

All this is taking place in a climate which discourages university researchers and teachers because decisions are not followed up with the practical policies needed.