As capacity increases, corporations have new muscle to demand discounts for volume.

Private insurers, employers and health maintenance organizations have demanded discounts.

Second, stop public agencies from demanding deep discounts for vaccine purchases.

But Medicare would publish what it pays for drugs, and the private sector would undoubtedly demand similar discounts.

More government and private insurance companies are demanding discounts, and more efficient health care delivery.

Many hospitals are struggling because of deep Medicaid cuts and the inroads made by health maintenance organizations, which demand discounts for care.

The rest is roughly split between Government health plans and managed care groups, who demand fixed discounts.

The volume gives the managed-care companies an edge, in turn, in demanding discounts from drug makers.

There is concern that the federal government might demand similar discounts for the Medicaid program.

In Britain, retail outlets are demanding discounts from manufacturers, making it difficult to increase profit margins.