And the second is not state pressure - it's cultural pressure.
Indeed, the cultural pressure to learn English is so strong that it may end up hurting American business.
The cultural pressure to behave in ways that are detrimental and even destructive go well beyond the classroom.
In the early 1980's, all of these cultural pressures made little difference.
This migration into the region created significant economic, environmental and cultural pressures on the Mi'kmaq.
In 1863, economic and cultural pressure exploded into a revolt, led by Kalinowski.
And some analysts suggest that Hispanic women face greater cultural pressures to stay at home with their children.
They were coming in out of cultural pressure.
Chinese citizens also faced cultural pressures encouraging home ownership, particularly for men seeking a wife.
Many of these characteristics were to disappear under Western cultural pressure.