The site contains a cultural layer several meters deep and there are a number of abandoned underground dwellings.

These became more common in the cultural layer.

They are the boundary line dividing the 3 cultural layers.

In all cultural layers, traces of cooking can be seen, the later ones being nearer to the cave entrance.

Quite possibly, though, a further cultural layer from an even earlier time lies waiting to be discovered underneath these remains.

Many towns have cultural layers from Medieval times to the present.

At that time a major cultural layer of the former Teuton castle was discovered.

This created deeper cultural layers and thus generally richer archaeological materials.

The cultural layers are between 12 and 15 m thick.

For this reason, in 1969, Novgorod became the first city to have the cultural layer of the city officially protected by the government.