While American corporations benefit from nearly absolute freedom to hire and fire, Japanese companies benefit from low turnover.

Many corporations have benefited from lower taxes, which have made discretionary income available for advertiser spending.

But the large corporations will benefit since their health care obligations have now been transferred to Medicare and are being paid for by their retirees.

The laws have changed so that corporations will benefit by being the ones to go to the government first.

By and large, these international corporations benefit the economies of their host locations.

(The protections are fairly broad, although corporations frequently benefit from employees not knowing their rights.)

Under Mr. Giuliani's economic policies, she said, big corporations had benefited but the public "too often gets nothing or very little in return."

"Trade is a much bigger issue now that we've seen how corporations are benefiting from these trade laws, not family farmers," he said.

Corporate executives do not legally need to run the corporation for shareholders and could, in fact, operate the corporation to benefit society and environment.

In addition, corporations benefit as their borrowing rates decline, raising the prospect of gains in corporate profits.