The majority also criticized Austin's reasoning that the "distorting effect" of large corporate expenditures constituted a risk of corruption or the appearance of corruption.

Austin held that the prevention of corruption, including the distorting influence of a dominant funding source, was a sufficient reason for regulating corporate independent expenditures.

The ruling makes clear that states cannot bar corporate and union political expenditures in state elections.

Note the following: * He says "many large corporations" are becoming sympathetic to national health plan concepts to avoid increased corporate expenditures.

Magnuson wrote that Citizens United "is unequivocal: The government may not prohibit independent and indirect corporate expenditures on political speech."

The first federal campaign finance law, banning corporate expenditures in campaigns, is commonly called the Tillman Act, Senator Tillman having been its lead sponsor.

During the economic crunch of the late 80's, hiring expenses underwent the same cost-benefit scrutiny as all other corporate expenditures.

Results from four TV companies this week may give clues as to any slowdown in corporate expenditure.

His role as Director, Finance and Resources is to maintain 'business as usual' at Ofsted while reducing the cost of corporate and administrative expenditure.

In the previous quarter, corporate expenditures dropped 5.5 percent, and almost every major company has plans to cut capital spending anywhere from 15 to 30 percent.