I use both file powder and summer-ripe okra (gombas); both contribute flavor.
Kola nuts, which have a bitter taste, although giving their name to the product, contribute little or no flavor to most cola recipes.
Broadly speaking, the yeast produces the gas that leavens the dough and the LAB produces lactic acid, which contributes flavor.
However, if yields are controlled, it can contribute flavor and length to blends, particularly with Roussanne.
The shells are edible and will contribute flavor and crunch to the dish.
And they both contribute flavor.
Hops added at the beginning of the boil contribute bitterness, hops added in the last thirty minutes contribute flavor.
During this time, other grains that will contribute flavor, color, and aroma to the brew are added.
Some of it has been absorbed into the New York idiom, just as every immigrant group before and since has contributed flavor to the ethnic stew.
A fruitcake recipe calls for a spicy dark beer, which contributes both moisture and flavor.