Country-wide elections to decide a permanent solution were promised but never happened, and within five years the communists had launched a guerrilla war on the south.

In 1968 the communists launched the Tet Offensive.

At dusk on November 24, 1948, the communists launched their full scale attack in three fronts.

Before dawn the next day, the communists launched their main attacks on an American landing zone and fire support base with mortar-fire and infantry charged.

The communists returned to Saigon on 25 May and launched a second wave of attacks on the city.

In response, the communists launched a campaign to suppress these local bandits, an effort headed by the communist 132nd Division.

The following winter the communists launched their all-out Tet Offensive.

The communists launched a second insurrection in 1968.

In early 1975 the communists launched a major offensive resulting in the fall of Saigon on 30 April.

In 1967-1968 Iraqi communists launched an insurgency in southern Iraq.