Instead of appointing a "terrorism czar" who commands little more than an impressive title, the commission advocated an ambitious government reorganization that would move the Border Patrol, Coast Guard and Customs Service from three separate federal departments into a National Homeland Security Agency that would also incorporate the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Hard feelings in the North grew more resentful when a presidential commission under President Carter advocated that public policy encourage large-scale migration in the United States from the cities of the North to the South and West, where the jobs are.

A Mayoral commission considering changes to the City Charter is advocating revisions that would weaken the city's legislature and increasing the Mayor's powers, the City Council Speaker charges in testimony to be delivered at a public hearing tonight.

The commission, appointed by the Mayor and headed by Andrew Cuomo, the Governor's son, called last February for a major restructuring of the city's vast shelter system for the homeless and advocated that the city get out of the business of building and operating shelters.

Instead of relying on the city to build new shelters, the commission is advocating that nonprofit groups be hired to do the job in what Mr. Cuomo, who heads a nonprofit organization called Housing Enterprise for the Less Privileged, has called the "not-for-profitization" of the system.

For these men, the commission advocated expanding the use of programs modeled on the Federal Job Corps, which provides education, training and counseling.

Instead, the commission advocated that nonprofit groups build and operate the new programs.

In March, the commission advocated network sharing as a way to free cash for operators.

In 2006, the commission reversed its view on the establishment of a national council and advocated that the existing federal institutions were adequate to provide advice and research.

In its report two years ago, the commission of museum professionals and civic and business leaders President Bush asked to present recommendations advocated a prominent site near the Capitol that was rejected by Congress.