Specifically, Tokyo has agreed to enforce its antitrust laws against collusive agreements that shut out foreign auto makers.

In such situations, collusive agreements can create gains for everyone.

Such a network could also use force to put down firms that do not adhere to the collusive agreement.

The bill would also outlaw collusive agreements under which brand-name drug companies pay generic companies to keep generic products off the market.

Bashing the competition was something that Sotheby's and Christie's former leaders decided not to do as one of their collusive agreements.

The primary method by which the Mafia stifles competition, however, is the overseeing and enforcement of collusive agreements between businessmen.

Buyers say it is possible that some kind of collusive agreement helped the prices back up but that they have seen no evidence.

The measure would also bar collusive agreements under which brand-name drug companies pay generic companies to keep generic drugs off the market.

First, they may simply have forced collusive agreements underground.

The enforceability of collusive agreements by some means can, therefore, be taken as a necessary condition for their existence.