A visa to the West costs 200 rubles, about a month's salary, or five months' pension for a collective farmer.

All of his hard work, however, does little to raise either the standard of living or the spirits of the collective farmers.

Out of 310 deputies elected, 107 were workers, 88 collective farmers and 115 educated civil servants.

Over 44% of party members were classified as industrial workers, and 12% were collective farmers.

He was only a boy from the country, and his mother was an ordinary collective farmer.

City-dwellers possess this passport but collective farmers usually do not, which in practice means they cannot leave their village except for short periods of time.

They worked with their idea of social order, laborers, collective farmers, etc. and put a modern twist on an outdated practice.

Stalin himself, too, had talked to collective farmers at various congresses.

The new independent machine ownership would later spawn further demands by the collective farmers.

There are few private or collective farmers who run a farm bigger than 50 hectares.