Mardonius was also able to force Macedon to become a client kingdom of Persia; it had previously been allied but independent.

To the east, the client kingdom of Kandy was by this time operating with a considerable degree of independence as well.

The interior and eastern coast remained an independent client kingdom.

Colchis was also made into a client Kingdom.

The reasons for providing a client kingdom with such vast resources remain unclear; it was perhaps a stroke of Caligula's well-attested eccentricity.

Under Augustus they were a Roman client kingdom.

The eastern half of the old kingdom was administered as a client kingdom together with Colchis.

Cappadocia remained an important and trusted eastern client kingdom under Emperor Augustus' reign.

Palestine was a client kingdom which paid tribute to the Romans, and Herod raised the money through taxation of his subjects.

After this time, the Atrebates were recognized as a client kingdom of Rome.