This is caused by frictional abrasion of the load-bearing surfaces of the chain causing elongation.

Thus, replicative polymerases can begin chain elongation at (A*).

Although rare, incorrect base pairing polymerisation does occur during chain elongation.

During chain elongation, each additional amino acid is added to the nascent polypeptide chain in a three-step microcycle.

It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.

The holo-ACP can now provide a thiol on which the substrate and acyl chains are covalently tethered during chain elongations.

The condensation (C) domain catalyzes the peptide bond forming reaction, which elicits chain elongation.

The dideoxyribonucleotides do not have a 3' hydroxyl group, hence no further chain elongation can occur once this dideoxynucleotide is on the chain.

That is, each nucleotide base of that particular type has a probability of being bonded to not a deoxynucleotide but rather a dideoxynucleotide, which ends chain elongation.

Upon the removal of 3'-O-acetyl group using base-catalyzed hydrolysis, further chain elongation was carried out.