Many basic housekeeping and cellular metabolic genes are regulated by bidirectional promoters.

We observed that more than 2/3 of the cellular genes tested were down-regulated by Tat.

They come from normal cellular genes present in every living cell called proto- oncogenes.

Thus, the newfound cellular gene was named c-Myc.

The normal cellular gene was called c-src (cellular-src).

All forms of life, from bacteria to humans, have the same basic set of cellular housekeeping genes.

"The gene was a cellular gene, not a viral gene," he went on.

This discovery led to the isolation of many cellular genes that normally control growth and development and are frequently mutated in human cancer.

When cellular genes were turned on, so were the viral genes.

And while these sequences have a large but expanding core of cellular genes the expected mitochondrial genes are lacking.