They vary with changes in the cavity length, refractive index of laser optics, and nonlinear effects such as the Kerr effect.

The repetition rate can be stabilized using a piezoelectric transducer, which moves a mirror to change the cavity length.

For some types of lasers the laser's cavity length can be modified, and thus they can be continuously tuned over a significant wavelength range.

The well defined cavity length (1- 10 um) will ensure that the interference is constructive and will allow certain modes to oscillate.

This technique requires accurately matching the cavity lengths of the pump laser and the driven laser.

Each of these lasers had five cascade stages and cavity lengths of 4 mm.

The cavity length is changed by a micrometer adjustment.

The captured spectrum is used to obtain the cavity length of the sensor.

For stable operation, the cavity length must precisely match the period of the modulation signal or some integer multiple of it.

This procedure enforces synchronism if the cavity length undergoes fluctuations due to acoustic vibrations or thermal expansion.