Many big charities are being forced to consider paying for broadcast ads, as the competition for free TV time has intensified.

When we developed the broadcast ad," she said, "we felt it was fair and responsible.

"Once consumers see broadcast ads, as they do now for drugs like Ambien, for example, it ought to happen pretty quickly."

Upstate and downstate, 1199 and the hospital association broadcast ads, one featuring several people walking a tightrope.

If I want to watch broadcast ads, I'll stay home with a TV dinner.

To counter this, all of Johnson's broadcast ads concluded with the line: "Vote for President Johnson on November 3.

But she added that the study had given public-service advertisers new insights into how to make broadcast ads more powerful.

The outward corporate approach that works for broadcast ads will need to be repurposed for the highly personalized social media.

The broadcast ads that come in the next few weeks will tell us how reckless Mr. Giuliani and Mr. Garth are willing to be.