Without the right to vote, blacks were excluded as jurors and could not run for office, effectively closing them out of the political process.

The blacks largely ran their own lives during this period.

"Until 1968, people said blacks couldn't run distance races," Martin said.

Now, blacks run some of the heftiest corporations in the United States.

The contest may provide new clues about how blacks can run best in largely white areas, particularly in the South.

Thus, he said, blacks can "jump higher and run faster."

During the night the blacks had run from their huts shouting and jabbering.

Now the Supreme Court is telling us that blacks should teach our children, police our streets, and run for public office.

Only four blacks have run for city office.