The most common is to use fixed bed reactors for the synthesis catalyst.

Later very high temperature reactors, such as pebble bed reactors, are a priority.

A better, perhaps simpler, way is the pebble bed reactor, which can burn nuclear waste.

As a result, the fluidized bed reactor is now used in many industrial applications.

This is known as a packed bed reactor.

Due to the advantages of fluidized bed reactors, a large amount of research is devoted to this technology.

In contrast, a pebble bed reactor is gas-cooled, sometimes at low pressures.

China has licensed the German technology and is actively developing a pebble bed reactor for power generation.

Packed bed reactors can be used in chemical reaction.

Other German utilities had lost any interest in pebble bed reactors.