In batteries,the cut-off (final) voltage is the prescribed lower-limit voltage at which battery discharge is considered complete.
As the battery discharges, the acid of the electrolyte reacts with the materials of the plates, changing their surface to lead sulfate.
Due to the freezing-point depression of the electrolyte, as the battery discharges and the concentration of sulfuric acid decreases, the electrolyte is more likely to freeze during winter weather.
It is relatively simple to determine the state of charge by merely measuring the specific gravity (S.G.) of the electrolyte, the S.G. falling as the battery discharges.
If you don't let a battery discharge completely, then 2-3 hours should be enough to get back to full charge.
LEDs maintain nearly constant color temperature regardless of input voltage or current, while the color temperature of an incandescent bulb rapidly declines as the battery discharges.
It is particularly suitable for displaying very low frequency trends (such as a battery discharge) which cannot be displayed on an oscilloscope due to the limitations of a CRT.
The current through a recharging battery is opposite to the direction of current during discharge; in other words, the electrode which was the cathode during battery discharge becomes the anode while the battery is recharging.
Common problems include battery discharge, alternator failure, broken wires, blown fuses, etc.
As the battery discharges, the hydrogen pressure drops, providing a reliable state of charge indicator.