Transformation of a bacterial host with two different plasmids is required.

Although these ideas were borrowed from the original yeast one-hybrid system, they had not yet been applied to a bacterial host before 2005.

Inside a bacterial host, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up foreign DNA.

Many phages carry genetic material between bacterial hosts, as do some viruses in animals and plants.

Such biological barriers included fastidious bacterial hosts that were unable to survive in natural environments.

Bacteria are colonized by persistent viral agents (bacteriophages) that determine gene word order in bacterial host.

Together the p1, p11, p4 complex forms channels through which mature phage are secreted from the bacterial host.

The relationship between bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts is very important in the context of the food fermentation industry.

Phages are widely distributed in locations populated by bacterial hosts, such as soil or the intestines of animals.

"We knew O'Neill must've used a virus as his messenger into the bacterial host," he said.