For an ideal monoatomic gas, the adiabatic index is 5/3 but in astrophysical objects this value is usually even lower than 1.

"No known astrophysical objects have the properties required to produce cosmic rays of such high energies."

The electrons could originate from a nearby pulsar or other astrophysical object, but the researchers were not able to identify a fitting object.

His research interests in astronomy are broad, covering a wide range of astrophysical objects, near and far.

The magnetic fields present in astrophysical objects (required for the instability to occur) are believed to be generated via dynamo action.

Nucleocosmochronology, also known as cosmochronology, is a relatively new technique used to determine timescales for astrophysical objects and events.

Observing photons, particles, and gravitational waves enables researchers to probe astrophysical objects and processes.

The authors of the paper quoted above sum it up by saying that "we are observing an unprecedented astrophysical object."

This includes standard descriptions of astrophysical objects, data types, concepts, events, or of any other phenomena in astronomy.

Those emission lines are produced by different astrophysical objects and processes.