The treatment is made by using antibody genes from humans and mice.

He (and others) conducted pioneering studies on the structure and diversity of the antibody genes.

They cloned the antibody genes and inserted them into phage, a virus that infects bacteria cells.

For some genes (such as the antibody genes), internal control regions are found inside introns.

Antibodies are part of animal immune systems, and are produced in plants by transforming them with antibody genes from animals.

To avoid this fate, Dr. Hiatt attached protein from a mouse to the human antibody genes.

Human antibody genes are inserted into viruses known as phages, which display them on their surfaces.

Normally T-cell receptor genes and antibody genes are arranged in many different patterns.

These allow vertebrate B cells to generate a huge pool of antibodies from a relatively small number of antibody genes.

Then, hyper-mutations occur in the binding site area of the antibody gene.