Anti-Kidd antibodies appear to react more strongly against cells that are homozygous.
It allows rapid detection on the first day of fever, before antibodies appear some 5 or more days later.
A blood test for the virus relies on the presence of antibodies to it, but antibodies may not appear for weeks after the infection.
The new finding means that some people may have been declared free of the virus prematurely, before antibodies appeared in their blood.
Such antibodies usually appear about three weeks after exposure to the virus but can take up to about six months.
These antibodies appear in the colostrum that is collected as medicine.
This initially appeared very promising as antibodies did appear towards the specific pathogens or antigens that were used in the original challenge.
The phosphoprotein P0 is surface exposed during the asexual erythrocytic stages and antibodies to this protein appear to be protective.
These antibodies appear to recognize oxidized protein that has resulted from inflammatory immune responses.
The antibodies appear to reflect an immune system attack against proteins that help protect nerve tissue.