Cast iron's properties are changed by adding various alloying elements, or alloyants.

Numbers tell nominal compositions of main alloying elements respectively.

By changing the alloying element to calcium, more recent designs have lower water loss, unless overcharged.

The alloying elements tend to form either compounds or carbides.

The properties of steel vary widely, depending on its alloying elements.

Each alloy is given a four-digit number, where the first digit indicates the major alloying elements.

The alloying element diffuses into the matrix, forming a solid solution.

The alloying elements are dissolved in the γ-phase as well.

It is used as a deoxidizer and an alloying element in steel.

More alloying elements are used in these steels, as compared to water-hardening grades.