Greenwood was one of several all-black communities settled largely by former slaves after the 1889 land rush to the Oklahoma Territory.

They did not move in wanting this to be an all-black and Hispanic community.

Vernon was established in 1911 as an all-Black community, and is one of the thirteen such that still exists.

She was the only white person within this all-black community during segregation.

"In those days it was very seldom that whites would come into that all-black community," she wrote, "but you were an exception."

Smith was born and raised in the all-black community of Mound Bayou, Mississippi.

The Joneses later founded an all-black community nearby.

We started out confined to all-black communities and schools at a time when skin color was still destiny.

The impact of the ruling in both the North and South was limited because whites and blacks tended to live in all-white or all-black communities.

So began the all-Black community, Blackdom.