Adverse affective reactions to medications or alcohol misuse are often ruled out, as well.

Attitude toward the ad is "recipients' affective reactions to the ad."

Cynicism is a negative affective reaction to the organization.

Group affective tone represents the consistent or homogeneous affective reactions within a group.

A "pause," for instance, was defined as three or more seconds of silence; a "laugh" coded for all positive affective reactions.

Intuitively, at each moment in time, the decision maker thinks about various payoffs of each prospect, which produces an affective reaction, or valence, to each prospect.

In a study conducted by Winkielman, Zajonc and Schwarz (1997), they demonstrated the speed at which an affective reaction can influence judgements.

The few important signalling molecules inside the NAc shell modulates the motivation to eat and the affective reactions for food.

This results in lasting internal (e.g., cognition, emotions, mental states) and external affective reactions exhibited through job performance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment.

Because of this, people expect their affective reactions to an event to be less intense in the future than in the present.