Since they were discovered in the mid-1960s, histone modifications have been predicted to affect transcription.

During the stringent response, (p)ppGpp accumulation affects the resource-consuming cell processes replication, transcription, and translation.

Since they were discovered in the mid 1960's, histone changes were thought to affect transcription.

Whether this alteration would affect mtDNA replication or transcription is not known.

It was speculated that this was because the control region affects replication and transcription in the mitochondria.

TisB does not affect transcription and translation directly in vitro, so these effects are thought to be downstream consequences of membrane damage.

This allows the process of translation to affect transcription of the operon directly.

The (p)ppGpp levels of the host seem to act as a sensor for phage lambda development, primarily affecting transcription.

Pioneer factors can also actively affect transcription by directly opening up condensed chromatin in an ATP-independent process.

Pioneer factors can also affect transcription and differentiation through the control of DNA methylation.